Cryptography is one of the oldest fields of technical study we can find of records of going back at least 4,000 years. "Cryptography: practice of the enciphering and deciphering of messages in secret code in order to render them unintelligible to all but the intended receiver."
About 1900 BC An Egyptian scribe used non-standard hieroglyps in an inscription. Kahn lists this as first documented example of written cryptography.
1500 BC ancient Assyrian merchants used intaglio, a piece of flat stone carved into a collage of images and some writing to identify themselves in trading transactions. Using this mechanism, they are producing what todat we know as 'Digital Signature.' The public knew that a particular 'Signature' belonged to this trader, but only he had the intaglio to produce that signature.
1623 Sir Francis Bacon describe a cipher which now bears his name -- a biliteral cipher, known today as a 5-bit binary encoding. He advanced it as a steganographic device -- by using variation in type face to carry each bit of the encoding.
Modern cryptography uses sophisticated mathematical equations(algorithms) and secret keys to encrypt and decrypt data.
Download History Of Cryptography to learn more.
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